Are you dehydrated or maybe you are drinking too much?
Hydration is one of the more important key factors when running… whether it be for a 5k or a marathon. As your feet pound the pavement and the sun shines on the top of your head, and sweat flows from your pours your first initial reaction is grab a bottle of water and take a few sips. Thinking to yourself that by doing this you are rehydrating you body. Without fluids like water runners won’t get very far. Runners need these liquids to provide energy to the body and to help keep their muscles from cramping up. But did you know that it is possible to hydrate too much? Yep that’s what I said too much water can actually put you in the hospital and even cause death. HYPONATREMIA!
Water is a great source of hydration when you are doing exercise bouts of less than 90 minutes. But when performing endurance type exercise like marathons, ultra-marathons, and ironman races you need a little more than just water. Hyponatremia is a condition that develops in the body when sodium levels decrease below 135. How do you get this? Well there are several reasons for the occurrence of hyponatriemia. Some of those reasons include: drinking too much water and /or sports drink in a short amount of time during your route, excessive sodium loss through bodily sweat, and taking NSAIDS (I will discuss the effects of NSAIDS in a later post). Just a quick note as an endurance athlete or marathon runner you should not take NSAIDS unless instructed by your doctor, they can have server side effects on your body other than hyponatremia.
How can you keep this from happening to you? First it is important to understand who is at risk for hyponatremia. Everyone is a risk but there are few groups of people that should take special care. Women, women tend to be at a greater risk than men. Women are more prone to losing sodium than men are for the fact that women hold about 10% less body water then men do. Those that sweat excessively are more prone to hyponatremia due to sodium lose, if they don’t replenish their sodium intake while replenishing their fluid intake. Those that don’t sweat very much are also at risk usually due to over hydrating and sodium levels dropping. These persons are replenishing there fluid intake but are not having optimal fluid lose. Also smaller or really skinny runners are at more risk. These runners have a harder time keeping their sodium levels up. Lastly those that take more than 4-4.5 hours to complete a marathon are at a higher risk. This is not to say that you shouldn’t be well-hydrated when you get to the starting line, but that you need to be aware of your body weight, projected finish time and individual needs.
Tip to make it thought…
- Don’t just rely on H2o , use sports drinks, juices , and other fluids that have sodium in them
- Add salt to your food in the days leading up to the event or a long run
- Make sure you practice with the drink that will be served on the day of the event and begin drinking the sports drink 3-4 days before and event or long run. (when I train for a marathon I drink about 32-40oz of diluted Gatorade a day for several months)
- Salted pretzel and bagel are great for pre, during, and post workouts that are more than 8 miles. You can also try energy bars, gels, pop tarts, bananas, cookies, ect.
- If you sweat a lot or it is hot you should carry salt packs with you and 1-2 packs during your event or long run followed by 8oz of sports drinks.


